Self-Builders GLOSSARY

Safeguarded Land

Land that is reserved by planning authorities to protect it from development for a specified period. It is typically identified for potential future use, ensuring it remains available for meeting housing or infrastructure needs as they arise.

Sale And Rent Back

A financial arrangement where a homeowner sells their property to a company or investor and then rents it back for a specified period. This allows the seller to access cash while continuing to live in the home, often used in times of financial distress.

Sales Particulars

Are detailed documents prepared to market a property, outlining key features such as size, layout, specifications, and unique selling points. They may also include photographs, location details, and relevant legal information to attract potential buyers.

Sash

A sash is the frame that holds the glass panes in a window, allowing for movement. It can be designed to slide horizontally or vertically, enabling ventilation and light control in self-build properties while maintaining aesthetic appeal.

Saved Policies

Saved Policies refer to planning regulations or guidelines that have been preserved from previous local plans, often used as a reference until they are formally replaced. These policies remain significant for self-build projects, influencing site development approaches.

Scarcity

In the self-build property sector refers to the limited availability of land, materials, and skilled labour relative to the high demand for self-built homes. This imbalance can drive up costs, impact project timelines, and challenge the feasibility of new builds.

Scenario Modelling

A strategic planning tool used in the self-build property sector to assess potential outcomes based on varying assumptions. It involves simulating different scenarios by altering key variables, helping stakeholders understand risks and make informed decisions.

Schedule Of Condition

A detailed report documenting the existing state of a property, including both internal and external features, prior to construction or renovation. It serves as a reference to assess any changes or damage during or after the building process.

Scheduled Ancient Monument

A designated archaeological site or historic structure recognised for its national significance, protected under UK law. These sites are preserved for their historical, cultural, or archaeological value, ensuring their conservation for future generations.

Scheduled Monument Consent

Scheduled Monument Consent is a legal permission required in the UK for any work that may affect a Scheduled Monument, a site recognised for its historical or archaeological significance. This ensures the protection and preservation of these important heritage sites.

Schematic Design

The preliminary phase of the architectural design process where designers create visual representations of a project. It includes floor plans, elevations, and site layouts, outlining the spatial relationships and design intent, but lacks detailed specifications.

Scope Of Work

In the self-build property sector, the scope of work outlines the specific tasks, deliverables, and timeline involved in a construction project. It serves as a detailed framework guiding contractors and clients on expectations, responsibilities, and project objectives.

Score

To make a shallow cut or incision on a surface, typically using a sharp tool, to facilitate breaking or to create a reference line. In self-build projects, scoring is often applied to materials like drywall or tiles to ensure clean edges when cutting.

Scottish Choices

Refers to a system in Scotland that allows Universal Credit recipients to choose how their benefits are paid. They can select options like receiving payments more frequently or directing housing costs straight to their landlord to better manage their finances.

Scottish Landlord Register

A mandatory database for landlords renting out properties in Scotland. Landlords must register with their local authority, demonstrating adherence to legal obligations and property standards to ensure tenant safety and welfare.

Scottish Letting Agent Register

A mandatory registry for all letting agents in Scotland. Agents must apply and adhere to a specific Code of Practice established to ensure professional standards. Landlords are advised to verify their agent’s registration status for compliance.

Scottish Planning Policy

Serves as the overarching framework that guides land use planning decisions in Scotland. It outlines national priorities for development, balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability, while ensuring community involvement in planning processes.

Scottish Vocational Qualification

Is a work-based qualification in Scotland, similar to an NVQ, that assesses skills and knowledge in various trades and professions. It helps individuals demonstrate their competence in specific job roles through practical evaluations and assessments.

Scratch Coat

The first layer of plaster applied to a wall or ceiling, typically consisting of sand, lime, and cement. This rough surface is scored to enhance adhesion for subsequent layers, providing a solid base for finishing coats in the self-build construction process.

Screed

A thin layer of mortar or concrete applied over a floor to create a smooth, level surface before the installation of floor finishes. It can also refer to underlayment used for insulation or soundproofing purposes.

Screed Batten

A thin strip of material, typically wood or metal, installed on a subfloor to establish consistent height and level for the application of screed. It serves as a guide to ensure an even, smooth surface for flooring materials.

Sealed Bids

Refer to confidential offers submitted by potential buyers for a property, typically during a competitive sale process. Each bid is placed in a sealed envelope, ensuring that the offers remain undisclosed to others until the deadline, promoting transparency and fairness.

Second Fix

Second fix refers to the final phase of construction in a building project, occurring after the first fix and plastering. It includes the installation of fixtures and fittings such as doors, trim, plumbing fixtures, electrical outlets, and light fixtures, completing the interior finishing.

Second Generation Smart Meter

A type of advanced energy meter that provides real-time data on electricity and gas usage. It enables automated readings, improved energy management, and better consumer insights, supporting a more efficient and sustainable energy system.

Secondary Aggregates

These are materials derived from the recycling of construction and demolition waste, including crushed concrete, masonry, and asphalt. They serve as substitutes for primary aggregates in construction projects, promoting sustainability and reducing landfill waste.

Secondary Shopping Frontages

These are areas in commercial zones that feature a mix of retail and service businesses, typically found away from main, high-traffic shopping streets. They often complement primary shopping areas by offering additional consumer options and enhancing local vibrancy.

Secretary Of State

A high-ranking government official in the UK responsible for specific governmental departments, such as Housing, Communities and Local Government. This role oversees policies, legislation, and decisions that impact self-build projects and property development regulations.

Secretary Of State For Communities And Local Government

A senior government official in the UK responsible for overseeing local governance, community development, housing policy, and planning. This role influences regulations and initiatives related to self-build projects and local infrastructure.

Secretary Of State For The Environment

A senior government official responsible for environmental policy, regulation, and legislation in a country. This role includes overseeing land use planning, sustainability initiatives, and ensuring compliance with environmental laws, influencing self-build projects.

Section 102

Under the Water Industry Act 1991, Section 102 permits developers or individuals to request the adoption of an already-installed private sewer by a water company. This process is typically used when sewers become operational before signing a Section 104 agreement.

Section 104

Refers to a provision in the Water Industry Act 1991, enabling local sewerage authorities to adopt newly-constructed private sewers and pumping stations for maintenance. Applicants must comply with construction standards, pay fees, and submit documentation for adoption.

Section 106

A Section 106 agreement is a legal contract between a developer and a local planning authority aimed at addressing the impact of a development on the community and infrastructure. It obligates future landowners to meet specific local needs, such as affordable housing and public amenities.

Section 13

Refers to a provision under the Housing Act 1988 allowing landlords to notify tenants of a proposed rent increase for periodic assured tenancies. This formal notice must adhere to specified guidelines and timelines to be legally valid and enforceable.

Section 171

Refers to the legal provision within the Town and Country Planning Act that allows for the approval of specific works affecting a highway, including creating vehicle access, installing utilities, or placing building materials on public roads.

Section 184

Refers to a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act that allows for the creation of a new vehicular access onto a highway. It typically involves constructing a crossover or dropped kerb, ensuring vehicles can safely enter and exit a property.

Section 20

Refers to a provision in the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 that requires landlords of residential leasehold properties to consult leaseholders before carrying out major works or incurring significant service charges, ensuring transparency and fairness in costs.

Section 21

A notice issued under the Housing Act 1988 that allows landlords to regain possession of a property from tenants in an assured shorthold tenancy without needing to provide a reason. The notice must be in writing, and eviction requires a court order. The Renters’ Reform Bill proposes to abolish this ‘no fault’ eviction method.

Section 22

Refers to a provision of the Housing Act 1988 allowing tenants with assured shorthold tenancies to challenge excessive rent. Tenants must serve notice within the first six months of their tenancy if they believe the rent charged is unjustifiably high.

Section 24

A regulation from the Finance Act 2015 that restricts tax relief for landlords, allowing them to deduct mortgage interest only at the basic rate (20%) instead of their actual tax rate. This applies to individual landlords, impacting their net rental income tax liabilities since April 2020.

Section 257 HMO

A property converted into multiple flats or units that is not fully owner-occupied, where at least one-third of the flats are occupied by tenants. This classification is governed by the Housing Act 2004, aimed at ensuring safety and compliance standards.

Section 278

This provision of the Highways Act 1980 allows developers to enter into an agreement with local authorities to modify public highways as part of a development. It covers alterations like new access points, traffic signals, and pedestrian facilities, ensuring compliance and safety.

Section 38

A Section 38 agreement, pursuant to the Highways Act 1980, allows developers to construct new estate roads for potential adoption by local authorities as public highways. It includes maintenance commitments and specifications for infrastructure such as drainage and lighting.

Section 50

Refers to a provision of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 in the UK, enabling utility companies to obtain permission to install apparatus (like cables or pipes) under public highways. This ensures regulated access while maintaining infrastructure integrity.

Section 6

Refers to a provision in the Housing Act 1988 that allows a landlord to serve a notice to terminate a periodic tenancy. This notice must be provided in writing, specifying the reasons for termination, and complies with the correct notice period as outlined in relevant legislation.

Section 73

Refers to a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act, enabling applicants to request modifications to existing planning permissions. It facilitates alterations that are considered minor in nature, allowing for flexibility in the development process while maintaining regulatory oversight.

Section 8

Refers to a provision in the Housing Act 1988 allowing landlords to seek possession of a property occupied under an assured tenancy or AST. It enables eviction proceedings based on specific grounds, such as unpaid rent, property damage, or tenant misconduct.

Section 96A

A provision within the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 that allows applicants to apply for non-material amendments to an existing planning permission. This enables minor changes to be made without the need for a full planning application, streamlining the process.

Section Drawing

A detailed representation of a building cut along a specific plane, illustrating the internal layout, structural elements, and materials used. This drawing provides insight into vertical relationships and spatial design, enhancing understanding of the project’s complexity.

Selective Licensing

Is a regulatory framework requiring landlords to secure a license to rent properties in designated local authority areas. Typically implemented to combat issues like low demand, antisocial behaviour, and poor living conditions, it aims to improve property standards and ensure responsible management.

Self-Invested Personal Pension

A Self Invested Personal Pension is a type of pension plan that allows individuals greater control over their retirement savings. SIPPs permit investment in a wider range of assets, such as properties and stocks, facilitating personalised investment strategies to grow retirement funds.

Self‐Certified

A financing option allowing borrowers to declare their income without the need for extensive documentation or verification from lenders. Typically used for self-employed individuals, this approach is less common today due to stricter lending regulations.

Seller’s Property Information Form

Is a standardised document filled out by the property seller. It provides essential details about the property, including its condition, disputes, and any improvements made, aiding the buyer and their solicitor in informed decision-making.

Sensitivity Analysis

A method used to assess how the variation in output of a model or project responds to changes in input variables. By altering these inputs incrementally (e.g., ±10%), it helps identify potential risks and impacts on overall feasibility and valuation in self-build projects.

Septic Tank

A self-contained sewage disposal system that collects and decomposes wastewater from households. It consists of a chamber where solids settle and bacteria break down waste, with effluent being discharged into a drain field or soakaway for further treatment. Regular maintenance is needed to remove accumulated solids.

Sequential Approach

In self-build property projects, a sequential approach involves executing tasks or phases in a predetermined order, ensuring each step is completed before the next begins. This method enhances workflow efficiency and minimises disruptions in the construction process.

Service Charge

A regular payment made by property owners or tenants, typically in leasehold arrangements, to cover communal maintenance costs. This includes expenses for services like cleaning, gardening, and security, as well as building insurance. It may also fund a reserve for future maintenance needs.

Serviced Accommodation

A type of rental property that offers short-term stays with hotel-like amenities, including furnished units, housekeeping, utilities, and Wi-Fi. Often used by tourists and business travellers, it provides flexibility and convenience for both short and extended visits.

Sett

A small rectangular or square block of stone, traditionally used to create durable, textured surfaces for pathways, driveways, and courtyards in landscaping and architecture. Sett stones are often arranged in patterns for aesthetic appeal and stability.

Setting

In the context of self-build properties, “setting” refers to the physical environment and location of a building project. It encompasses the surrounding landscape, existing structures, and the proximity to services and amenities, influencing design, accessibility, and aesthetics.

Setting Of A Heritage Asset

This refers to the surrounding environment and context in which a heritage asset exists, including its relationship with nearby buildings, landscapes, and historical features. The setting can significantly influence the asset’s significance and character.

Settlement Pattern

This term refers to the spatial distribution and arrangement of buildings and communities in a specific area. It encompasses the layout, density, and organisation of housing developments, influencing social interaction, infrastructure, and land use in the self-build property sector.

Shadow Flicker

Shadow flicker refers to the rhythmic, intermittent shadow patterns caused by the rotating blades of wind turbines. This phenomenon can occur when sunlight passes through the turbine blades, potentially affecting nearby properties and their occupants.

Shadow Gap

A design feature used in construction that creates a narrow gap between architectural elements such as walls, ceilings, or floors, enhancing the perception of depth. It effectively hides joints and imperfections, resulting in a clean, minimalist aesthetic.

Share Of Freehold

A shared ownership structure where residents of a building collectively own the freehold, typically in a setting like flats. This arrangement grants them greater control over management and maintenance, while also allowing more freedom for alterations within their units.

Shared Ownership

A housing scheme where buyers purchase a percentage (typically between 10% and 75%) of a property and pay rent on the remaining share owned by a housing association or builder. Buyers may gradually increase ownership by purchasing additional shares and need permission to sell.

Sheathing

A protective layer applied to structural elements in construction, typically made of materials like plywood or oriented strand board (OSB). It provides added strength, insulation, and weather resistance to walls, roofs, or floors, enhancing overall building durability.

Shop Fascia

The shop fascia is the long horizontal signboard that displays the name of a retail establishment, typically found above the entrance. It serves both functional and aesthetic purposes, enhancing visibility and branding while complying with local signage regulations.

Shopmobility

A service designed to assist individuals with mobility challenges in accessing shopping areas. It typically offers the rental of mobility aids such as scooters and wheelchairs, enabling users to navigate retail environments comfortably and independently.

Shoreline Management Plans

Strategic documents designed to manage coastal areas, addressing erosion and flood risks over defined periods. SMPs provide guidance on sustainable approaches to shoreline defence, habitat conservation, and community engagement, ensuring long-term coastal resilience.

Short Circuit

An electrical fault that occurs when current flows along an unintended path, often due to damaged wiring or equipment. This can lead to excessive current flow, resulting in overheating, tripped breakers, or blown fuses, posing safety risks.

Short Grain

A term referring to the orientation of wood fibres in timber, characterised by a short, uneven length across a narrow section. This can affect the wood’s strength and stability, resulting in weaker areas that may be prone to splitting or warping.

Significance

In the self-build property sector, significance refers to the importance or impact of a decision, action, or element within the construction process. It can relate to design choices, material selection, regulatory compliance, or the overall success of a project, influencing value and functionality.

Sill

Is the horizontal structural element at the bottom of a window or door frame, serving as a support for the opening. It helps to direct water away from the structure and provides stability, often considered essential in the framing of walls.

Simplified Planning Zone

A designated area where planning permissions are streamlined to facilitate development. SPZs reduce bureaucratic barriers, allowing for quicker approvals and promoting local economic growth by encouraging construction of homes and businesses.

Site Investigation Information

Data gathered from a systematic assessment of a construction site, including geological, geotechnical, and environmental studies. This information helps identify soil conditions, contaminants, and other factors critical for informed design and construction decisions.

Site Notice

A formal announcement displayed on a property to inform the public about pending planning applications, proposed developments, or public inquiries. It serves to encourage local community engagement and feedback regarding potential changes to the area.

Site Of Biological Importance

An area designated for its significant natural habitats and wildlife, recognised for contributing to biodiversity conservation. SBIs are identified to guide development and land use planning, ensuring ecological value is maintained.

Site Of Nature Conservation Importance

A designated area recognised for its valuable habitats and species. SNCIs are essential for biodiversity conservation, often identified for their ecological, geological, or physiographic significance, requiring protection from development and harmful activities.

Site Of Special Scientific Interest

Is a designated area in the UK recognised for its significant wildlife or geological features. These sites are crucial for conservation, protecting diverse habitats like grasslands and ancient woodlands. Development within SSSIs requires consent from relevant conservation bodies.

Site Visit

A site visit refers to a pre-scheduled inspection of a location intended for construction or development. It allows builders, clients, or stakeholders to assess site conditions, review project plans, identify potential challenges, and ensure compliance with regulations before beginning work.

Sites And Monuments Record

A comprehensive database maintained by local authorities that documents archaeological sites, historical structures, and monuments within a specific area. It aids planning decisions, preservation efforts, and public awareness of cultural heritage.

Sites Of Nature Conservation Importance

Areas designated for their significant ecological value, including habitats, rare species, or unique ecosystems. These sites are recognised for their role in biodiversity conservation, providing important environmental benefits and supporting sustainable development.

Sitting Tenant

A person legally occupying a property with rights that persist regardless of ownership changes. They can request fair rent from the local authority. Properties with sitting tenants typically have a market value 30% to 40% lower than similar vacant ones and are difficult to finance.

Skirting

Also known as skirting board or baseboard, is a decorative strip of material installed at the junction where the wall meets the floor. It conceals any gaps or imperfections, provides protection against wear and tear, and enhances the aesthetic appeal of a room.

Skylight

A skylight is a window installed in a roof, designed to allow natural light into a space below. It can be fixed or operable, providing both illumination and ventilation while enhancing the aesthetic appeal of indoor environments.

Sleeper Wall

A structural wall, typically constructed of masonry, designed to provide essential support for the ground-floor joists or beams in a building. It helps distribute loads and can also assist in creating a level base for the flooring above.

Small Self-Administered Scheme

A type of pension scheme typically established by businesses, allowing members greater control over their investments. It operates on a money purchase basis, enabling diverse asset management, including property and stocks, for retirement funding.

Small To Medium Enterprise

A business classification that encompasses organisations with a limited number of employees and revenue thresholds. In the self-build property sector, SMEs often undertake projects that cater to local markets, providing personalised services and products.

Smoke Control Order

A regulation issued by local authorities to restrict or prohibit the burning of certain materials, typically allowing only specified smokeless fuels. Its aim is to reduce air pollution and protect public health in designated areas.

Snagging

The process of inspecting a newly constructed home for minor defects and issues before the buyer moves in. This includes identifying faults in finishes, fixtures, and fittings, allowing the developer to address and rectify these before handover. A snagging survey helps ensure quality and satisfaction.

Soakaway

A below-ground structure designed to manage surface water drainage by temporarily holding it before allowing it to gradually percolate into the surrounding soil. Typically filled with gravel or stone, soakaways help prevent flooding and promote groundwater recharge.

Social Inclusion

Social inclusion refers to the process of improving the participation of marginalised groups in society, ensuring equal access to resources, opportunities, and decision-making. In the self-build property sector, it emphasises affordability, community engagement, and support for diverse housing needs.

Soffit

The horizontal surface that bridges the gap between the top of a wall and the underside of an overhanging roof or eaves. It covers the structural elements and provides a finished look, often incorporating ventilation to prevent moisture buildup in attics.

Soft Wood

Timber sourced from coniferous trees, such as pines, spruces, and firs. Generally lighter and more flexible than hardwood, softwood is commonly used in construction, furniture, and cabinetry due to its ease of workability and cost-effectiveness.

Soil Pipe

A vertical pipe designed to transport waste and sewage from bathrooms and kitchens to the drainage system. Typically made of plastic or cast iron, it often includes ventilation to prevent pressure build-up and ensure smooth waste flow.

Sold Subject To Concluded Missives

This term refers to a property sale in Scotland where an offer has been accepted, but the transaction is not legally binding until all contractual documents (missives) are finalised. Buyers must await these legal formalities to secure ownership.

Sold Subject To Contract

This acronym indicates that a property is under offer, with an accepted bid but no finalised contracts. While viewings are paused and no funds have been exchanged, the deal is not legally binding. Purchases can still collapse for various reasons, including buyer/seller withdrawal or valuation issues.

Soldier Course

A construction term referring to a horizontal row of bricks or stone laid on their ends, typically used for decorative effect or providing support over openings like windows and doors. It enhances structural integrity while adding aesthetic appeal.

Sole Agent

A sole agent is a single estate agent appointed by a property owner to represent them exclusively in the sale or rental of their property. This agent holds the exclusive rights to market and negotiate on behalf of the owner, minimising competition.

Sole Plate

A horizontal wooden or metal member situated at the base of a wall or partition, serving as a foundation for vertical studs or frames. It distributes the load evenly to the floor and provides stability and alignment for the structure above.

Solicitor

A qualified legal professional who provides essential services during property transactions, including reviewing contracts, conducting legal searches, and facilitating the exchange of ownership. They ensure compliance with laws, protecting clients’ interests throughout the self-build process.

Soundness

In the self-build property sector, soundness refers to the structural integrity and safety of a building. It ensures that the construction methods, materials, and design choices meet required standards to withstand loads, environmental conditions, and time.

Source Protection Zone

An area designated to safeguard water sources such as wells and aquifers from contamination. These zones have specific regulations to control land use, ensuring activities that could harm water quality are minimised, thereby protecting public health.

Space Standards

Guidelines that establish the minimum spatial requirements for residential properties, ensuring adequate living conditions. This encompasses National Space Standards for new builds and conversions, as well as specific minimum bedroom sizes for Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs).

Spalling

The breaking away or flaking of surface layers from materials, often seen in concrete or brick. This deterioration can result from freeze-thaw cycles, moisture intrusion, or chemical reactions, compromising structural integrity and aesthetics in self-build projects.

Spandrel

A spandrel is the triangular or curved area between the top of a door or window opening and the adjacent wall or roofline. In building design, it often refers to the space between arches or above windows, commonly used for aesthetic purposes or structural support.

Spatial Development

Spatial development refers to the strategic planning and management of land use, infrastructure, and community resources within a defined area. It aims to promote sustainable growth, optimise land utilisation, and enhance quality of life through balanced urban and rural planning.

Spatial Planning

Spatial planning is a strategic approach to land use management that organises space to balance social, economic, and environmental objectives. It involves zoning, infrastructure, and community needs, ensuring sustainable development and effective resource allocation.

Spatial Vision

A concept in urban planning and design that focuses on the spatial arrangement of buildings, landscapes, and public spaces. It aims to create harmonious environments that enhance functionality, aesthetic appeal, and community engagement in self-build projects.

Special Area Of Conservation

A designated site under the EU’s Habitats Directive, recognised for its vital habitats and species. Sacs receive special protection to conserve biodiversity and ensure sustainable management. Development within sacs may require a Habitat Regulations Assessment to prevent adverse effects.

Special Landscape Areas

Designated regions recognised for their unique natural beauty and significant landscape features. SLAs aim to protect and conserve these areas from adverse development impacts, ensuring sustainable management and preservation of their ecological and aesthetic value.

Special Protection Area

Special Protection Areas are designated locations under the EU Birds Directive aimed at safeguarding populations of rare, vulnerable, and migratory birds. They support critical breeding, feeding, and migratory habitats, and any proposed developments within or near them require thorough environmental assessments to prevent ecological harm.

Special Purpose Vehicle

A legal entity, often a limited company or LLP, established specifically for isolating financial risk and managing one or more property development projects or investments, ensuring assets and liabilities are kept separate from the parent company.

Specialised Trading Property

A type of real estate designed for specific uses or activities, often operating as part of a wider business framework. This property is typically valued based on its income potential and operational relevance, rather than conventional market metrics.

Specific Performance

A legal remedy in contract law where a court orders a party to fulfil their contractual obligations when monetary damages are insufficient. It compels the breaching party to perform as agreed, particularly in unique transactions like real estate.

Specifications

Refer to detailed written descriptions within a construction contract that outline the materials, products, and workmanship necessary for a project. They serve as essential guidelines for contractors, ensuring that all aspects of the build meet established standards and requirements.

Spot-Listing

A spot-listing refers to a property that is marketed for sale without prior public advertising or listing on traditional real estate platforms. This often provides an edge in a competitive market, allowing potential buyers to acquire a property before it gains wider exposure.

Staff Bead

A narrow strip of timber or moulding attached to a window frame, typically positioned on the inner side of a sliding sash window. It serves to secure the sash in place while allowing for smooth operation and maintains the aesthetic of the window.

Stamp Duty Land Tax

A government tax imposed on property purchases in England and Northern Ireland. SDLT is calculated as a percentage of the property’s purchase price, with varying rates applied depending on the price band. Buyers are liable to pay SDLT, which is collected by HMRC.

Standard Assessment Procedure

Is a method used to assess the energy performance of residential properties in the UK. It evaluates factors such as insulation, energy use, and emissions, providing a standardised energy efficiency rating to guide self-builders and homeowners.

Standard Security

A legal document in Scotland that provides a mortgage lender with the right to take possession of a property if the borrower defaults on repayments. It serves as a guarantee for the loan, ensuring the lender can reclaim their investment through repossession.

Standard Variable Rate

This is the interest rate applied to a mortgage after any fixed or introductory period ends. It can fluctuate at the lender’s discretion and is influenced by the Bank of England’s base rate but is not directly pegged to it.

Standards Authority

A Standards Authority is an organisation that develops, maintains, and enforces quality standards for construction and building practices. It ensures that self-build projects comply with safety, environmental, and performance regulations, promoting best practices in the sector.

Statement Of Community Involvement

A document outlining how a developer will engage with the local community throughout the planning process. It details strategies for public consultation, feedback mechanisms, and how community input will influence project decisions, fostering transparency and collaboration.

Statement Of Consultation

A document outlining the process and outcomes of community engagement and feedback prior to a planning application. It details how stakeholders, including local residents and organisations, were consulted, and how their input was considered in the development proposal.

Statute Law

Refers to written laws enacted by a legislative body, such as Parliament. These laws are formal regulations that govern specific areas of activity, including property matters, and provide a framework for legal rights and obligations in the self-build sector.

Statutory

Pertaining to laws or regulations established by legislative bodies. In the self-build property sector, statutory requirements include building codes, planning permissions, and health and safety regulations that must be adhered to during construction projects.

Statutory Body

A statutory body is an organisation established by an Act of Parliament or legislation, empowered to carry out specific functions, enforce regulations, or deliver public services. In the self-build property sector, these bodies oversee compliance with laws and building regulations.

Statutory Undertakers

Entities authorised by law to provide essential services such as water, electricity, gas, and telecommunications. In self-build projects, they are crucial for coordinating service connections and ensuring compliance with regulations related to infrastructure.

Stepped Rents

A rental pricing model where the rent increases at specific intervals or milestones, typically outlined in the lease agreement. These increments are predetermined, allowing tenants to anticipate future costs and landlords to ensure consistent income growth.

Stepping Stones

In the self-build property sector, “stepping stones” refer to incremental or phased development strategies that enable individuals to progressively finance and construct their homes. This approach allows for manageable investment, reducing financial risk while gradually achieving a larger goal.

Sterilisation

In the context of self-build property, sterilisation refers to measures taken to remove or mitigate contaminants or hazards from a construction site. This includes ensuring the land is free from pollutants, toxic materials, or any foreign substances that could affect health or building integrity.

Sterling Overnight Index Average

Is a key benchmark interest rate that reflects the average rate at which banks borrow sterling overnight. Administered by the Bank of England, it is based on actual transaction data and published daily, serving as a reliable indicator for financial markets.

Stile

A vertical component of a framed door or window, positioned on the sides of the frame. It provides structural support and defines the opening’s shape. Stiles are crucial for the door or window’s durability, aesthetics, and overall design integrity.

Stop Cock

A valve situated on the main water supply line of a property, allowing homeowners to control and shut off water flow in case of emergencies, repairs, or maintenance. It is essential for managing water supply and preventing leaks or flooding.

Stop End

A stop end is a type of gutter fitting that is installed at the end of a gutter run to prevent water from spilling out. It acts as a barrier, directing rainwater towards the downspout, ensuring efficient drainage and protecting the building’s exterior.

Stopper

A type of filler used to repair and smooth out imperfections in wood surfaces. Typically available in various shades to blend seamlessly with different timber finishes, stoppers are essential for achieving a polished look in self-build projects.

Strategic Access Management And Monitoring

This refers to a systematic approach in self-build projects to control and oversee entry points and accessibility throughout the construction site. It ensures safety, security, and efficient site operations while coordinating the movement of personnel and materials.

Strategic Development Plans

Planning framework that outlines the long-term vision and spatial strategy for land use and development within a specific region. It guides growth, infrastructure, and resource allocation, ensuring cohesive development aligned with community needs and sustainability goals.

Strategic Employment Site

A designated area identified for development to support economic growth and job creation, typically featuring infrastructure and amenities suitable for businesses. Such sites are often prioritised in planning policies to enhance local employment opportunities.

Strategic Environmental Assessment

A systematic process used to evaluate the environmental effects of proposed policies, plans, or programs at an early stage. It aims to integrate environmental considerations into decision-making, ensuring sustainable development while fostering public participation.

Strategic Flood Risk Assessment

A systematic evaluation of flood risks at a strategic level, typically conducted by local authorities. It aims to inform land use planning, identify flood-prone areas, and guide sustainable development to mitigate potential flooding impacts.

Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment

A systematic evaluation conducted by local authorities to identify, assess, and maintain a register of potential land sites suitable for housing development. It helps inform planning policies and meets future housing needs efficiently.

Strategic Housing Market Assessment

A comprehensive analysis conducted to evaluate the housing needs and market conditions within a specific area. It helps inform local planning policies by identifying demand for different types of housing and demographics, guiding development decisions effectively.

String

In staircase construction, a long, narrow board or beam that supports the treads and risers. It can be found on either side of the staircase, with the outer string exposed and the wall string positioned against the wall, providing structural stability, and defining the stair’s shape.

Structural Insulated Panel System

A building system composed of pre-manufactured panels made of a rigid foam core sandwiched between two layers of structural board, typically oriented strand board (OSB). SIPS offer excellent insulation, energy efficiency, and rapid installation, making them ideal for self-build projects.

Structural Survey

A comprehensive assessment conducted by a qualified surveyor to evaluate the integrity of a building’s structure. The report identifies existing defects and potential risks, detailing required repairs and providing insight into the property’s overall condition and safety.

Structure Plan

A strategic planning document that outlines long-term development objectives and policies for a specific area, typically at the regional level. It guides decisions on land use, infrastructure, and services, ensuring cohesive growth and sustainable development.

Stud Partition

A lightweight interior wall structure typically made from vertical timber or metal studs, covered with drywall or plasterboard. Stud partitions are used to create rooms or divide spaces without the bulk of traditional masonry walls, offering flexibility in design.

Studio Flat

A compact living space characterised by a single open room that combines sleeping, living, and kitchen areas, along with a separate bathroom. It is designed for efficiency and convenience, often appealing to individuals or couples seeking affordable housing.

Studs

Vertical framing members used in wall construction, typically made of timber. They provide structural support and are integral to both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls. Studs are widely used in residential projects, forming the framework for plasterboard or other wall finishes.

Sub-Letting

The practice of a tenant renting out part or all of their leased property to another individual, known as a subtenant. Tenants typically need to obtain written consent from their landlord before sub-letting, as unauthorised sub-letting can lead to eviction or legal consequences.

Sub-Regional Partnership

A collaborative alliance formed between local authorities, businesses, and stakeholders within a specific sub-region. This partnership aims to implement joint strategies for economic development, housing, and infrastructure, enhancing growth and sustainability in the self-build property sector.

Sub-Soil

The layer of soil situated beneath the topsoil, consisting of a mix of minerals, organic matter, and rock particles. It plays a crucial role in drainage, nutrient storage, and plant growth, often influencing the stability and construction suitability of a site.

Sub-Tenant

An individual or entity that leases property from a tenant (the sublessor) rather than directly from the property owner. The sub-tenant occupies the space under the terms of a sublease, which is subject to the original lease agreement.

Subcontract

Is a secondary agreement where a primary contractor delegates specific tasks or services to another party (the subcontractor). This arrangement is common in the self-build property sector for specialised work like roofing, landscaping, or finishes, ensuring expertise and efficiency.

Subject To Contract

Refers to negotiations where an offer to buy or rent a property is made, but no binding agreement exists until contracts are formally exchanged. During this period, all terms are tentative and not legally enforceable, protecting both parties’ interests.

Subject To Planning Permission

Refers to a condition where a property or land sale is contingent upon obtaining approval from local authorities for development, alterations, or construction. It serves as a precautionary note for buyers, indicating the potential for modifications depends on regulatory consent.

Subject To Sale

A conditional agreement to buy a property, contingent on the sale of the buyer’s existing home. This arrangement allows buyers to secure a new property while actively seeking a buyer for their current one, though timelines must be managed to avoid delays.

Subject To Survey

Refers to a situation where an offer on a property or land is made contingent upon the findings of a formal survey. This means the buyer’s commitment is dependent on the surveyor’s assessment of conditions such as size, boundaries, and structural integrity.

Submission Document

A Submission Document is a formal proposal or set of documents submitted by a self-builder to planning authorities, outlining project details, architectural plans, compliance with regulations, and other necessary information required for approval to begin construction.

Subsidence

The downward movement of the ground that can cause structural instability in a building. This often occurs due to factors like soil shrinkage, erosion, or inadequate foundations, leading to visible signs such as cracks in walls and uneven floors.

Substructure

The substructure refers to the part of a building that is constructed below ground level, serving as its foundational support. It includes elements such as foundations and basement walls, designed to distribute loads from the superstructure and resist forces like soil pressure, uplift, and lateral loads.

Sui Generis